An effective solution to reduce both the mutual coupling and return loss of a microstrip array antenna consisting of rectangular\r\npatches is proposed. The patch is made concave in both horizontal and vertical sides. Applying the proposed structure to a\r\nmicrostrip array antenna having two elements, the effects of patch concavity on the mutual coupling and return loss are simulated\r\nand studied. To obtain a concave rectangular patch array antenna having low amounts of mutual coupling and return loss, the\r\npatch length and width as well as the amounts of concavities are optimized using an enhanced genetic algorithm. To verify the\r\nsimulation results, then, the optimal array antenna is fabricated. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the optimal\r\nconcave rectangular array antenna has low amounts of mutual coupling and return loss.
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